Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by too much glucose (sugar) in the blood. Your blood sugar level may be too high if your body does not make enough of the hormone insulin. Insulin is produced by the pancreas (a gland behind the stomach) and moves glucose from the blood and broken into cells where it is to produce energy.
Types of Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system, the insulin-producing beta cells are destroyed in the pancreas. This type of diabetes, also known as juvenile diabetes, for 10-15% of all people with the disease. It can occur at any age, although commonly under 40, and is genetically predisposed by environmental factors such as viruses, diet or chemicals in humans that are triggered. People with type 1 diabetes must inject insulin several times a day, follow a careful diet and exercise program.
Type 2 diabetes is a disease, above normal in blood sugar levels. People with diabetes have problems converting food into energy. After eating food, food is broken down into a sugar called glucose, which is carried through by the blood cells throughout the body. Cells use the hormone insulin, produced in the pancreas, to help them process blood glucose into energy.
People develop type 2 diabetes because the cells in the muscles, liver and fat do not use insulin properly. Eventually the pancreas can not produce enough insulin for the body's needs. As a result, the amount of glucose in the blood increases while the cells are starved of energy. Over the years, high blood sugar damages nerves and blood vessels leading to complications such as heart disease, stroke, blindness, kidney disease, nerve problems, gum infections and amputation.
Symptoms
In type 1, the pancreas stop producing insulin, due to autuimmune response or possibly viral attack pancreas. In the absence of insulin, body cells does not get glucose for producing ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) units, which leads into the main symptom in the form of nausea and vomiting. In this phase, which leads to ketoacidosis, the body begins to breakdown of muscle tissue and fat for energy, it is therefore rapid weight loss as a results. Dehydration is also usually observed due to electrolyte disturbance. In advance stages even coma and death, are witnesses.
Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin. Insulin is necessary for the body to be able to use glucose for energy. When you eat, your body breaks down all the sugar and starch into glucose, which is the basic fuel for the cells in the body. Insulin takes the sugar from the blood into the cells. When glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into cells, it can cause two problems:
Right away, your cells may be starved for energy.
Over time, high blood glucose levels may hurt your eyes, kidneys, nerves or heart.
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